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The Laser
Since the invention of the laser in 1960, it has established itself in all branches of science and technology. Today, modern medicine cannot be imagined without lasers. (The first dermatological application by Goldmann dates back to 1963).
Laser is the acronym for “Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation“.
What are the characteristic features of laser radiation?
From a practical point of view, the laser is a light source emitting a narrow beam. This beam has a defined wavelength and its uniform waves propagate with little divergence, i.e. almost parallel (collimated).
Lasers are available in the wave ranges from ultraviolet to infrared with laser powers ranging from a few fractions of a milliwatt for applications in diagnostics to the kilowatt range of high-power lasers for use in industry.
If excitation is continuous, the laser is referred to as continuous-wave laser (cw); if excitation is performed by a single pulse, the laser is called a pulsed laser. If the excitation energy is accumulated and then suddenly released, the laser is referred to as a Q-switched laser.
Physical fundamentals